What made you say ‘yes’ to Badlapur?
I have known Sriram (Raghavan) for very long, we were both in FTII though not the same batch.  I know him and his work well. We had met a couple of times after ‘Agent’. He brought the script material of Badlapur to me and spoke  briefly about it. I already knew I was doing the film when he had called me. But when he narrated the script, I was a bit puzzled and asked why he wanted to make this film after Agent Vinod.  It was a really scaled down project, it was a very internal and dark film, not in the literal sense but in terms of ‘emotional’ spaces. The script dealt with ‘murder and revenge’ but had an emotional core. I remember him saying that the film was an exploration of what could be termed as ’good and bad’. I was on for the ride.

How important are the story and script of a film you take up?
This question is often asked of me and I have often asked myself the same question – why should the story and script be so important when taking up a cinematography assignment? I think as the years have gone by, it has become more and more important, maybe in the earlier years the emphasis was different, like, will anyone give me a film to shoot.. Basically I don’t see the cinematographer as a person who goes out there merely to ‘shoot’ the movie. I see the cinematographer as a person who travels along with the director to tell the same story. One has to be able to assimilate what is written in the screenplay and then be challenged or excited enough to tell it in ‘film form’.  If that motivation is not there, then one might as well take a job in a bank?

As this was your first time with Sriram Raghavan as a director. Can you throw some light on the association?
Yes, that was also the exciting part for me;  I get to work with a guy who is known to be ‘unpredictable’ and famously ‘indecisive’. I got to see upclose another approach; which involves being alive to the moment, of evolving, of coopting what is being said around you. Not being a big fan of story boards and locked breakdowns myself, i enjoyed the process of engaging with the uncertainties of live locations, blocking scenes on the day, of scheduling the day without a dialog draft of the scene.. basically thinking on your feet, shooting from the hip, being ready, before the first AD has time to say, sriram raghavan..
Sriram is a man of few words, you need to be able to sniff the vibe and move on.

But wasn’t your earlier film, Highway, also exploratory in the same way…

Same, same but different. Thats the beauty of movie-making, every journey, every film is a unique experience. Imtiaz’s method is his own.  Also in content very different approaches. You will realise after you watch Badlapur, although both films are internal journeys of the protagonists,  the way they play out is almost divergent .  In retrospect when I look at Alia’s character, it plays out to a convenient resolution,  In Badlapur there are no such easy answers.

Coming back to your working rapport with Sriram…

I had actually assumed that we would be on the same page from the word go, but it was not like that. He has recesses which are not so accessible. There was an occasion when i landed up at his house insisting on a printed script so we could start scheduling and scouting for locations. I knew how important the locations would be in a film like this and a couple of months from shoot we did not have a finished draft. We ended up having a lot of cheap whisky that evening, better than a finished draft, i guess. His process involves continually refining whatever he has written, yesterdays dialogues are stale today…, you learn to respect that because nuances show up in newer drafts which are evidently better for the film. Life for the AD’s and Production becomes hell but the film gets better. Luckily on this film we had a 1st AD, Aarambh, who is a filmmaker first and Scheduling Junky later. We also had a long time associate of Sriram’s, Rakesh Sain, who would second guess the future for us. The Executive Producer, wore his hair really short, so no risk of tearing it out. Vishal Bajaj, was a real sport and would bend over backwards to accommodate last minute changes, then more changes. Without this ‘guerrillas in a trench’ attitude, its almost impossible to make a movie like this one.

What ‘look’ did you set out to achieve for Badlapur?
‘The Look’ in bold caps, scares me. For me the look of the film is embedded in its elements. Starting with Actors, Costumes, Make-up, Sets, Locations, Lensing, the works.. It is a sum total of all these decisions that you make while on the go, not some layer you lay on in the proverbial ‘DI’. Let me give you a small example; The film is titled Badlapur, we wanted the film to inhabit true spaces/real locations, so we went to Badlapur, Ambernath, Bhiwandi, Nasik almost all satellite towns off Mumbai and Pune but we didn’t like any of them. All these satellite towns of Bombay have started looking like the city’s suburbs. One day, after many frustrating rounds of reccee, we were poring over innumerable location photos and hopelessly looking at the map of Maharashtra, when on an impulse I asked to go to Igatpuri the next day. I was told that Sriram was busy doing hundred other things and would not be free. I said i would go regardless. So with the Production Designers, Ad s and some Locations people we set out. We moved around from building to building, street to street and soon we had covered the entire town. No suitable location yet. Although in the script it was a 2 BHK in Badlapur, to me this space had to have the meditative quality of a recluse, not the grungy, claustrophobia of a small town apartment.  To cut a long story short, we decided to ‘build’ a Barsaati type apartment on the terrace of a newly constructed building on the outskirts of Igatpuri. Anita and Donald(Production Designers) were thrilled. The Producer, sitting in Bombay, thought we had gone mad; ‘Build a Set for interior scenes on Location’, did not balance the books. When Sriram came for a final ‘dekho’ all he asked is, ‘how did you all find this place’ the smile said the rest. The paint on the walls, the view from the windows, the props, the drapes, the naked tube light, determined the ‘look’.

Badlapur seems to have a dark tone, though Highway, which was also an internal film, did not have a similar visual style. Comment.
I think you should save the question till you have seen the film. Badlapur is not all dark and gritty, its not obvious in that way. Let me  dovetail into the previous question, again to do with the ‘look’.  When I started Badlapur,  i did think that with this film i might be able to make a style statement, ‘Noir’ ‘Grit’ ‘Inscrutable Shadows’  could make a heady mix, but sadly when i started shooting all that went out of the window, I approached it as it came. Then during finalisation i said, ‘Ah.. DI..!’, now we’ll crack it, my long time trusted Colorist at RMW, young Tushar, will bend some rules/curves. He came up with some crackling options. Old man Ken chipped in with his ‘version’. I have to admit, I did not sleep well that night.  Next morning we played the scenes straight up, like they were shot and it looked fine. Tushar confirmed my hunch. He said, ‘I have rarely seen visuals play out so seamlessly on first pass’. We decided to let it be, to go with the look as embedded in the visuals during the shooting. So now you will have to tell me if there was a ‘dark tone’ or did the cinematography just blend in with the story telling.

What was the lighting set-up for Badlapur?
Two tube lights and a bulb. And that’s not a joke.  When i spoke to Moolchand, our very own ‘World famous’ Gaffer,  of my intent, he was quite excited. He said that he has always wanted to do an entire feature with available light. I said that I was not going to be that adventurous on this one. I then proceeded to give him my light and crew requirements. Which was a really minimal kit comprising a couple of KINOS and a few 650W/300W Fresnels, a 2K was thrown in as safety net  (this is what i meant by 2 tubes and a bulb). I asked him to fit everything into a Tempo, not a light truck and to restrict the crew to 3/4 men. He heard me out but sceptically told the Producer to wait till shooting day, when all the bells and whistles will be called in, on the shoot. Well now that the film is out, it can be said that we did make this one with  “2 Tubelights and a Bulb”.  And oh yes we bought a commercial sodium vapour fixture and put it in the Tempo.
The Producer on the other hand kept sending my Requirement list back for double checks; ‘What! no Dolly’, ‘only One Day of Steadicam, are you sure’. I was not sure at all, a non committal director did not help the cause. But i was quite happy to go with the ‘minimal’ as an aesthetic choice.
To be totally honest there were bigger days, but very few and far between.

What camera and lenses did you shoot the film on?
I generally use only One camera to shoot a movie, except on some big days, involving Stunts or Songs.
On previous films like Highway and Finding Fanny, I  shot with SONY F 65 which is a full blown 8K chip with 4K Raw Recording. It is the top of the line model and has great Bandwidth. For this film I wanted to cut back on that also. So I asked for a Sony F 55, which has a smaller profile, its a lighter camera and records lighter 4K Raw files.  I knew I was going to shoot in really tight spaces too. Nawaz’s house is as tiny as it looks. The Directors first response was ‘this is too tiny to shoot in’,  for a change the cameraman was actually gunning to shoot in that house and mohalla. The F 55 sat on my shoulder for many, many setups. 
The lenses were the usual kit of Master Primes with a 20mm Ultra thrown in.  Pretty much the entire film is shot on Primes.

Can you tell us about the locations used in the film?

The film is starts in Pune and moves to Badlapur, few scenes are set in Mumbai.  That’s the arc. We wanted to stay faithful to this arc. Pune for Pune, Mumbai for for Mumbai, Igatpuri for Badlapur, then bits and pieces in Lonavla, Vashi, Prison in Nasik, shooting bungalow in Juhu, one Set in a Mumbai studio, some cheats for police Thanas.. The more important thing is that we never ‘bought the street’, we ‘informed the cops’, we did not ‘buy the train’, we ‘bought tickets for the compartment’, we did not ‘lock it off’ we worked with the ‘chance’ of real life. Take the first scene of the film, camera wise nothing happens, everyday life on Main Street in Pune unfolds for a really long screen time, except that all is not normal, as you soon find out. That scene, which seems the simplest was the most complicated to execute, and like i said the cameraman had nothing to do, except sit and watch it unfold. Igatpuri,  it’s rains and trains, are a story unto themselves. Nasik jail felt like we were all in Rehab, it was so peaceful in there. Regal cinema, Colaba, the busiest district of Mumbai, we were stealing shots with Varun Dhawan.. Locations were made to serve the film and not vice versa.. Sriram was very charged with the idea of not deadening the environ for the movie, rather finding the movie within the environment. He is not a control freak but then that can freak the production personnel. Bottom ; we got the film shot in 45/46 days.

Any VFX / CG in the film?
There is only one sequence in the car, which is green screen. Rest of the CG work is incidental like removing string, clean up, add blood etc. all very effectively handled by TATA ELXSI. Pankaj Khandpur and Vishal did not need any prompting in that area.

Where was the DI and Mastering done? 

It was done at Reliance Media Works which, I am told, is now Prime Focus, strange are the ways of Big Business.

What was biggest challenge while shooting Badlapur?
To get the film made.

Which is your favourite sequence in Badlapur?

I am always stumped trying to answer this question because it is never about one sequence…  ok maybe one shot where nothing much happens..
The camera is fixed in a mid-long shot, Raghu has just told Liak the truth, Liak walks out of the door and for more than what seems an eternity nothing happens. Varun is sitting in the foreground, Nawaz returns and still nothing happens,  then, he says three four lines and leaves, Varun is still sitting there; that’s my favourite moment.
If you ask me, what did I do – I will say I switched on one tube light and a bulb and sat there. As a cinematographer it’s not one of those fabulously designed or fantastically lit shots, the beauty of the scene is that even the director or editor have chosen not to cut to a close for such a big moment in the film. Everyone has held back and let the moment play..

Are framing, lensing and composition of a scene crucial and different for each film, especially the genre?

While this is a vital question, I am not able to articulate an answer.   I do find myself  shifting the camera a few inches here or there, every now and then; find myself changing a lens even after thinking that 32mm is the lens for the shot.  It’s both an exploratory and intuitive thing of how you are respond to the moment, to what is happening in front of you. Composition, lensing, lighting are the cinematographers’ lifeline, he has to be alive to it , whether he has the ‘count’ of the Pulse, is probably, not necessary.
Most of your films have been in different zones,  from frothy to intense.  As a cinematographer does it affect you?

Although it shouldn’t affect a Cinematographer as much because he is not invested in the same way as a  director or actor is,  I have a feeling that I said yes to Vikas Bahl’s ‘Shandaar’ because I was approached while i was shooting Badlapur. When I was reading ‘Shandaar’, I was flipping pages of the script like a breeze, Anvita’s dialogues were making me LOL, the script was hilarious. At that point in time that madness became appealing, had I shot two, three similar films,  I might not have done it.

How important is an actor and cinematographer’s rapport?
I recollect reading somewhere that actresses often would get pally with cinematographers to ensure they looked good onscreen.
That era has sadly gone by. (I’ve heard of the long drives on Marine Drive that Meena Kumari shared with V K Murthy.) I really wish Aishwarya, Manisha, Katrina, Anushka would get ‘pally’ with me. However, Salman Khan, summed it up really well, when Sanjay Bansali tried to provoke him with, ‘be good to him or he’ll screw up your shot.’ His commitment to his work will never allow that, was Salman’s response. Salman paid me another huge compliment after the first screening of ‘Hum Dil.’ He came out of the theatre, with his usual swagger, proclaiming to one and all that he was the best thing in the movie, and then to me he said, ‘your work is good too, I like it because it’s simple.’ that compliment stays with me to this day. What is essential, however, is the trust that one needs and builds over the movie.  The trust between director, actor and cinematographer is central to the filmmaking process and on this one we were very lucky.  Varun, Nawaz, Sriram and I did not have to say much to each other.

This interview was first published in Pandolin here.